Table, Dried and Wine Grape Production and Potential in Southeastern Anatolia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65888/icraft.3.1.18Keywords:
Agricultural productivity analysis, Southeastern Anatolia, Grape production trends, Cultivation area reduction, Turkish viticulture sectorAbstract
In this study, structural changes in grape production in the Southeastern Anatolia Region and throughout Türkiye were analyzed based on data from 2004, 2014, and 2024. All grape varieties commercially cultivated in Southeastern Anatolia were considered in the study. A significant decline in vineyard areas has been observed across the Southeastern Anatolia Region between 2004 and 2024. For example, vineyards for seedless raisins decreased from 6,250 decares in 2004 to 150 decares in 2024, while production decreased from 4,750 tons to 90 tons. Similarly, table grape vineyards decreased from 12,830 decares to 4,300 decares, and production volume peaked at 7,644 tons in 2014 before declining to 4,850 tons in 2024. Despite the decline in vineyard areas in the region, there have been significant increases in productivity. The yield per decare for wine grapes rose from 184 kg in 2004 to 560 kg in 2024, more than tripling. Similarly, productivity for dried seedless grapes increased from 345 kg/da to 569 kg/da. When evaluated at the provincial level, there has been a notable increase in wine grape production in Adıyaman. The production area, which was 100 decares in 2014, increased to 1,500 decares in 2024, while the production volume increased from 75 tons to 750 tons. In Gaziantep, the area dedicated to dried seedless grapes has undergone a substantial decline, from 121,830 decares to 48,081 decares. However, it has been determined that the production amount has undergone an increase from 28,920 tons to 42,307 tons, a development that can be attributed to the enhancement of grape yield per unit area. In contrast, it is observed that a significant proportion of the total vineyard areas in Şanlıurfa (95%), Siirt (50%), and Gaziantep (44%) have been lost. In particular, the production of dried seedless grapes in Şanlıurfa fell from 31,054 tons in 2004 to only 815 tons in 2024. A similar trend is observed across Türkiye. The area under dried seedless grapes decreased from 750,000 decares in 2004 to 491,612 decares in 2024, while production fell from 350,000 tons to 317,053 tons. Although there has been a partial increase in yield (from 529 kg/da to 682 kg/da) in the cultivation of wine grape varieties across the country, the decline in vineyard areas has negatively affected the production of wine grape varieties. In this context, the aim of the study is to determine the potential for grape production for different commercial purposes in the region, identify structural changes in regional viticulture, and establish future production strategies. In conclusion, it has been determined that vineyard cultivation in the Southeastern Anatolia Region is undergoing a complex transformation process in which the decline in production areas and partial increases in productivity are intertwined. In this situation, the need to restructure regional agricultural policies and revise production strategies with a focus on productivity is considered to be of paramount importance.
References
1. Alsancak Sırlı, B., Peşkircioğlu, M., Torunlar, H., Özaydın, K.A., Mermer, A., Kader, S., Tuğaç, M.G., Aydoğmuş, O., Emeklier, Y., Yıldırım, Y.E., Kodal, S. (2015). Determination of Potential Grapevine (Vitis spp.) Cultivation Areas of Turkey Based on Topographic and Climatic Factors by Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Techniques. Journal of Field Crops Central Research Institute, 24(1): 56-64. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.32457
2. Anlı, R.E. (2006). Bağlar Güzeli: Üzüm ve Üzüm Kültürü. Yapı Kredi Yayınları, No:2420, İstanbul, 238s.
3. Anonim, 2021. TRC3 Bölgesi’nde Bağcılığın Geliştirilmesi Raporu. Dicle Development Agency, 107p.
4. Atilla, A.N. (2011). Batı Anadolu Şarap Kültürü. Sevilen Şarapları (Bilgi Matbaa Yayıncılık), İstanbul, 112p.
5. Baykul, A., Abacı, S.H., Abacı, N.İ, Söylemezoğlu, G. (2018). Evaluation of Some Anatolian Provinces forViticulture Production. Bahçe, 47(Special Issue: 1), 63-69.
6. Bekişli, M.İ., Bilgiç, C., Gürsöz, S., (2015). Current Stiuation of Viticultural Area and Irrigation System in Sanliurfa Province. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences -A, 27: 562-565.
7. Çakır, A., Karakaya, E., Işıkırık, M., Çelik Maraşlı, R. (2014a). Lice (Diyarbakır) İlçesi üzüm üreticilerinin sorunları ve çözüm önerileri. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science, 3(2), 14-19.
8. Çakır, A., Karakaya, E., Kuzu, K. (2014b). Present Status of Viticulture in Eğil County, Diyarbakır Province,
Its Problems and Possible Solutions. Turkish Journal of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 1(4), 490-500.
9. Çakır, A., Karakaya, E., Uçar, H.K. (2015). Potential and Current Status of Viticulture Undertaking in Savur (Mardin) District. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 5(1), 9-19.
10. Çakır, A., İşlek, F., Odabaşıoğlu, M.İ., Alanko, M. (2017a). Present Status of Viticulture in Dicle District of Diyarbakır Province, Its Primary Problems and Possible Solutions. Alatarım, 16(2), 37-46.
11. Çakır, A., Sanyürek, N.K., Karakaya, E., Ay, Ş. (2017b). Present Status of Viticulture in Mardin, Nusaybin Province, its Problems and Possible Solutions. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Gaziosmanpaşa University (JAFAG), 34(1), 15-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13002/jafag975
12. Çelik, H. (2002). Grape Cultivar Catalog. Sunfidan A.Ş., Mesleki Kitaplar Serisi:2, 137s. (In Turkish)
13. Çelik, H. (2018). World’s Production and Trade of Table Grapes. Bahçe, 47(Special Issue:1), 11-22.
14. Çelik, H., Marasalı, B., Söylemezoğlu, G., Tangolar, S., Gündüz, M. (2000). Bağcılıkta Üretim Hedefleri. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği V. Teknik Kongresi, 17-21 Ocak, Ankara, Cilt:2, 645-678s. (In Turkish)
15. Çelik, H., Çelik, S., Kunter, B.M., Söylemezoğlu, G., Boz, Y., Özer, C., Atak, A. (2005). Bağcılıkta Gelişme ve Üretim Hedefleri. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Teknik Kongresi, 3-7 Ocak, Ankara, Cilt:1, 565-588s.
16. Deliorman O.D., Ergun, F., Orhan, N. (2011). Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in Anatolian Civilizations. TAD, 30(50), 69-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000494
17. Demiray, A. (2022). Türk Şarap Sektörünün Gelişiminde Türkiye’nin Şarap Turizmi Potansiyelinin Rolü. In: Turızm Sektöründe Güncel Konu ve Yaklaşımlar. (Edit: Keleş, Hüseyin). Eğitim Yayınevi, İstanbul, pp.101-114.
18. Dilay, S. (2018). Grapes in Turkish Mythology and Reflections in Turkish Art. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 5(12), 9280-9282.
19. Doğer, E. (2004). Antik Çağ’da Bağ ve Şarap. İletişim Yayınları, No:1025, İstanbul, 197s. (In Turkish)
20. Eser, B. (2019). Economic Comparison of Different Vineyard Finishing Systems in Sanliurfa Province. MSc Thesis, Harran University, Şanlıurfa.
21. Gazioğlu Şensoy, R.İ., Kısaca, G., Baş, E.Ö. Yılmaz, Y. (2020). Determining the Structural Properties and Approaches to Agricultural Applications of Existing Vineyards in Some Towns of Siirt Province. Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 30(2), 289-298. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.694930
22. Gürsöz, S. (1993). A Research on South East Anatolia Region Viticulture and Ampelographic Characteristics and Yield-Quality Parameters of Grape Varieties That are Especially Grown in Sanlıurfa City. PhD Thesis, Çukurova University, Adana.
23. Kaplan, N. (1994). Diyarbakır ve Mardin illerinde yetiştirilen üzüm çeşitlerinin ampelografik özelliklerinin saptanması üzerine bir araştırma. PhD Thesis: Ankara University, Ankara. (In Turkish)
24. Karataş, H. (2005). Molecular Analysis of Diyarbakir Region's Grapevine Germplasm by RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) Technique. PhD Thesis, Ankara University, Ankara.
25. Karataş, H., Karataş, D.D., Özdemir, G. (2016a). The Existence of Local Grape Varieties of Diyarbakir City and Evaluation Opportunities. International Diyarbakır Symposium, 2-5 November, Diyarbakır, Vol:3, 2275-2283.
26. Karataş, H., Karataş, D.D., Özdemir, G. (2016b). Problems and Solution Suggestions in Viticulture of Diyarbakır. 02-05 Kasım 2016. International Diyarbakır Symposium, 2-5 November, Diyarbakır, Vol 3, 2053-2059.
27. Karataş, H., Karataş, D.D., Özdemir, G., Demiraslan, R. (2010). The Potential Using for Industry of Southeast Region Grape Varieties. UDUSİS, 256-261.
28. Kısakürek, H. (1950). Güney-Doğu Anadolu ve Bilhassa Gaziantep Bağcılığı ve Bu Bölgede Yetişen Başlıca Üzüm Çeşitlerinin Morfolojik Vasıfları ve İktisadi Önemleri Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakt. Yay., No:21, Ankara, 206s. (In Turkish)
29. Kiracı, M.A., Şenol, M.A., Yiğiter, B. (2024). Viticulture in Anatolia. Viticulture Studies (VIS), 4(2), 21-33.
30. Koyuncu, Ö. (2025). Ampelographic and Molecular Characterization of Local Grapevine Varieties Cultivated in the Kilis Region. MSc Thesis, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis.
31. Metin, E. & Gunduz, K. (2024). Current Situation of Viticulture in Our Country and Viticulture in Elazığ Region. AGROZAL, 1(1), 32-43.
32. Mertol, H. & Keskin, S. (2022). Üzümün Tarihi ve Coğrafi Yolculuğu. Efe Akademi Yayınları, İstanbul, 80s.
33. Odabaşıoğlu, M.İ. (2020). Determinatıon of Yield, Quality and Seed Characteristics and Stoma Morphology of Table Grape Varieties Grafted on Different Rootstocks in Semi-Arid Conditions. PhD Thesis, Harran University, Şanlıurfa.
34. OIV (2025). International Organisation of Vine and Wine Statistics. https://www.oiv.int (Accessed Date: 14.18.2025)
35. Oraman, M.N. (1965). Yeni Bağcılık (3.Baskı). Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, No:253,Ankara, 347s. (In Turkish)
36. Özel, R. & Eser, B. (2021). Comparison of finishing systems in terms of economic in viticulture: A case study from Şanlıurfa Province in Turkey. Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(2), 365-375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37908/mkutbd.905730
37. Öz, E. (2011). The Grape Growing and Viticulture in Anatolia in Assyrian Trade Colonies Period According to Kültepe Tablets. Gazi Academic View, 5(9), 285-294.
38. Polat, A. (2016). Determination of Some Phytochemical Profıles of Grape Varieties Which are Grown in Sanlıurfa Province. PhD Thesis, Harran Universtiy, Şanlıurfa.
39. Polat, A., Gürsöz, S., Rastgeldi, İ. (2018). Current Situation of Viticulture in Şanlıurfa. Bahçe, 47(Special Issue:1), 87-90.
40. Sağlam, H. & Çalkan Sağlam, Ö. (2018). A Historical Review On Turkish Viticulture; The Importance of Viticulture Genetic Resources. Selcuk Journal of Agriculture ve Food Sciences, 32(3), 601-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15316/SJAFS.2018.142
41. Semerci, A., Kızıltuğ, T., Çelik, A., Kiracı, M. (2015). General Overview of Viticulture in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Faculty of Mustafa Kemal University, 20(2), 42-51.
42. Söylemezoğlu, G., Çelik, H., Kunter, B., Kiracı, M.A., Ünal, A., Akkurt, M., Karaman, S.G. (2025). Bağcılıkta Mevcut Durum, Gelecek ve Sürdürülebilirlik. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği X. Teknik Kongresi, 13-17 Ocak, Ankara, Bildiriler Kitabı-1, 618-646. (In Turkish)
43. Tokuçoğlu, M.S. (2012). Kilis Bağcılığının Tarihçesi. Kilis Kültür Derneği Yayınları, No:23, Ankara, 103p.
44. TÜİK, 2025. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri, Meyveler içecek ve baharat bitkileri, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr (Erişim Tarihi: 24.07.2025).
45. Uyak, C., Doğan, A., Kazankaya, A. (2011). Present Status of Viticulture in Siirt Province, its Problems and Solution Suggestions. Yuzuncu Yıl University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21(3), 225-234.
46. Ünal, M.S. (2019). Present Status and Potential in Şırnak Viticulture. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(12), 2184-2189. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i12.2184-2189.2948
47. Ünal, A. & Soltekin, O. (2018). Raısıns: World’s Production and Trade. Bahçe, 47(Special Issue: 1), 1-9.
48. Ünar, Ş. (2019). Some Crimes and Legal Practices Related to Agriculture in Hittite Law Articles. Al-Farabi International Journal on Social Sciences, 3(3), 89-105.
49. Yalçın, N., Gürsöz, S., Kara, F.Ö. (2021). Current Situation of Mardin Vineyards. Journal of ADYUTAYAM, 9(2), 80-89.
50. Yıldırım, H. & Onay, A. (2012). A General View of Orcharding in the Province of Batman. Batman University Journal of Life Sciences, 1(2), 149-160.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Agricultural and Food Technologies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits anyone to copy, redistribute, remix, transmit and adapt the work provided the original work and source is appropriately cited.
